A new co-operative economy: Democratic confederalism in Rojava and Bakur

Syrian Arab Republic


Article by Rebecca Harvey


The co-operative movement in Rojava (the democratic, autonomous region in the
north of Syria) and Bakur (the mostly-Kurdish region which lies within Turkey’s
borders) is growing. Here, co-operatives are seen as an integral part of
democracy – and vital to the development and integration of different parts of
society. But very little of what is happening with co-ops in the region is
written down – what is, is dispersed, and only a small amount of it is in
English. Now two organisations are working to change this.


The Institute for Solidarity Economics (ISE) and Corporate Watch have launched a
website – cooperativeeconomy.info – to provide an English language information
resource for the co-operative and solidarity economy movements involved and
interested in Rojava and Bakur. The aim is to create an open space where
articles and case studies about co-operatives and the wider co-op economy in
each area can be collected, making it easier for people to understand and learn
about the alternative economic changes happening in the regions. As well as
articles that have been published in English, there are ongoing translations
from Turkish, Kurmanji, German, Spanish and Arabic.




Bistanen Rojava, or ‘The Greenhouse Project’, where women from 18 communes are
to form a co-operative [photo: Jo Magpie]
“The more knowledge that we have of the achievements of the co-operative
movement in the Kurdish regions, the more we can support and learn from our
fellow co-operators there and the revolutionary way that they are transforming
their economy under very challenging conditions,” says Colm Massey, of the ISE.

Ownership and equality in northern Syria

The ISE aims to support the grassroots movement for a just and sustainable
economic system through research, collaboration and taking action to help build
on the existing solidarity economy. As a movement, the solidarity economy was
born as an alternative to capitalism, with grassroots communities seeking to
increase the quality of life for their group or region through not-for-profit
efforts. The expression “economia solidária” (solidarity economy) was coined in
Brazil in the late 1980s – but the idea has also evolved in name and scope and
is frequently referred to as the social and solidarity economy, or the
solidarity-based economy.

“The solidarity economy is important because our current mixed economy is
failing,” says Mr Massey. “It fails to deliver ecological sustainability. It
fails to deliver fairness. It fails to deliver efficiency. The list goes on. We
need a new economy that puts people and planet at the centre.”


Although still in its infancy, the co-operative and solidarity economy there is
seen as the logical way to approach production


ISE’s partner in the project, Corporate Watch, is a not-for-profit co-operative
providing research and information on the social and environmental impacts of
corporations and capitalism. In 2015 and 2016, Corporate Watch has been working
on a project focusing on Kurdish struggles in Rojava and Bakur.

In both of these regions – and others – people have had ecological destruction
used as a tool of control against them for decades, says Mr Massey, so they have
had to be “very creative” in organising their opposition. “They have tried many
methods of resisting in the past with varying degrees of success but have also
watched other opposition movements in the region turn into new forms of
repression. This is partly why the new forms of organising in these regions have
opted to put equality, direct democracy and anti-sectarianism at the core of
their new institutions.”

“Although still in its infancy, the co-operative and solidarity economy there is
seen as the logical way to approach production in a manner that reflects those
values and methods of organising.”




Bîstanên Rojava (Farmers of Rojava, also referred to as “the greenhouse
project”), was set up by Nahide [photo: Jo Magpie]
Jo Magpie, one of the co-ordinators for the cooperativeeconomy.info project,
agrees. “The co-operative economy is very much a part of the wider ideology,
which has grown and developed over the past 40 years in Rojava and Bakur,” she
says.Both areas have embraced democratic confederalism, an ideology that
describes itself as “rooted in participatory democracy and autonomy at the local
level”, that is “open towards other political groups and factions. […] flexible,
multi-cultural, anti-monopolistic, and consensus-oriented”.“The ideas
encapsulated in democratic confederalism stand in stark contrast with the
capitalist model,” adds Ms Magpie.

“The emphasis is on community resilience, self-empowerment and equality, and the
new structures being put into place support this. Co-operatives naturally fit
into this system.”

On 29 January 2015, after 16 months under siege, the city of Kobanê on Syria’s
northern border with Turkey was liberated through the work of several democratic
forces. This, and the wider revolution taking place in the country, has provided
an opportunity for the ideas and structures that have been simmering for the
last 40 years to spread more broadly. “But it also brings challenges, such as an
ongoing war, shortages in food and the fertilizer that the local farmers have
traditionally relied upon, and large- scale emigration,” she says.



Farmers in Rojava [photo: Jo Magpie]
Mr Massey explains that as Rojava and Bakur are in a state of war, most of the
information available about what is happening there is focused on military,
human rights and humanitarian issues. “There was no easy way to discover what
was happening in the less dramatic field of economic reform, especially in
English. We felt that an essential first step to help the UK co-op movement
engage with what is happening in the region was to create such a resource.”The
ultimate aim of cooperativeeconomy.info is “to have the UK co-op movement
actively engaged with and building real economic, educational and cultural links
with the co-operatives in the region, and to have helped the people there
rebuild their own economy,” he says. “It is also just as important for us in the
UK co-op movement to learn how others organise under such challenging
circumstances, to help us transform our own.”

The project has direct communication with people inside the region and is
working on developing and strengthening those links. Groups and individuals from
Rojava and Bakur are sending in articles, participating in and facilitating
interviews and translating documents. “We are also exploring forming a
delegation from the UK co-op movement to the region towards the end of this year
and we have commitments from several co-ops in Rojava to host and facilitate the
visit.”
To find out more about the ISE / Corporate Watch project, visit
cooperativeeconomy.info or email info@cooperativeeconomy.info
You can also get involved in other fundraising initiatives like
helpkobane.com, which provides support for reconstruction projects.
There are other events – like this night of music in Brighton – helping to
provide medical assistance to the region.
You can also find a new fundraising campaign to support agricultural
co-operatives in Rojava here.


About Rebecca Harvey


Rebecca Harvey is deputy editor of Co-operative News. Rebecca manages the
day-to-day operations of Co-operative News from allocating stories to writers
through to the design of the printed publication.

In
Grassroots Economic Organizing
http://www.thenews.coop/105985/news/co-operatives/new-co-operative-economy-democratic-confederalism-rojava-bakur/
31/5/2016